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          May 16th, 2020

          Jun 20, 20253 min read

          • https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/digital-apollo - The book Digital Apollo [0] is fascinating on this subject. It describes the tensions that had to be resolved in terms who had overall authority, e.g. mission control vs. the crew vs. automation. Books
          • Project Idea Simulate groups of wind turbines with some turning clockwise and some ccw to see if there are any efficiency gains to be had
            • “Industrial standards Which way a wind turbine turns might not seem to matter”
            • https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23184576
              • https://outline.com/GTwkCb - No Paywall
            • https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23185104
              • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338882074_Should_wind_turbines_rotate_in_the_opposite_direction
              • Full Text
                • Preprint of the full paper here:
                • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338882074_Should_wi…
                • It’s cool work. Some things I’ve picked out from a quick skim:
                  • Only the downstream turbines gets a boost, cutting gains of a pair in half*
                  • The boost only occurs at night, cutting gains approximately in half again.
                  • Veering winds only occur 75% of the time
                • This already cuts the gains from an ideal 23% to roughly 4.5% real world.
                • I don’t see any treatment of incoming wind direction - it appears to only consider pure West to East wind with turbines precisely aligned with the wind. I suspect the effect would disappear as the wind shifted from other directions. While wind is generally westerly in the US, it varies a lot hour-to-hour.
                • Combine this with the above and I’d suspect real-world benefit is in the 1-2% range, at which point the added complexity of maintenance and production probably cancels out the benefit.
                • Not a knock on the research, because it is great work, but it is incomplete.
                • *This may be unfair, as it’s unclear what affect multiple in a row would have. But the power production of multiple turbines in a row when the wind is blowing precisely parallel to the row drops off pretty quickly. Commercial turbines are something like 45% efficient these days, so turbine 3 only has ~30% of the original power available.
            • Josh Dyson might have some insight. He did work on OpenFoam
          • http://imj.ie/vitamin-d-and-inflammation-potential-implications-for-severity-of-covid-19/
            • Notes From HN
              • 95% of severe covid cases in Indonesia had vitamin D deficiency (n=780)
              • Darker skin in high latitudes is strongly correlated with vitamin D deficiency
              • In Sweden, Somali immigrants make up 40% of the covid hospitalizations despite being .8% of the population.
              • Vitamin D is also a hormone that regulates up to 5% of all gene expression while your immune system cells have vitamin D receptors
              • 70% of Americans have insufficient (a step above deficient) Vitamin D levels
          • https://outline.com/UmrCvN
            • More Proof that Boeing is Incompetent
          • Aerodynamics of Boobs
            • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322530755_Analysis_and_Qualitative_Effects_of_Large_Breasts_on_Aerodynamic_Performance_and_Wake_of_a_Miss_Kobayashi’s_Dragon_Maid_Character

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